Timor-Leste’s engagement in ASEAN must be guided by the necessity to avoid the debilitating effects of premature liberalization, particularly the risk of becoming a pure import market for its more industrialized neighbours. 1. The CLMV Lessons and Timor-Leste's Dilemma Timor-Leste’s long-awaited accession to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) marks a diplomatic triumph on 26 October 2025, but the real challenge has only just begun. The focus must shift on navi
